Technical report draft 2
Letter of Transmittal
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
16 October 2017
Mr Brad Blackstone
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
Singapore Institute of Technology
10 Dover Drive
Singapore 138683
Dear Prof. Blackstone,
RE: Proposal
for a Sustainable Entry System
This is
CRAZ from Singapore Institute of Technology. This technical report is to
address the problem whilst entering SIT @Dover, alongside the Ayer Rajah
Expressway (AYE) during peak hours.
The
report consists of the issues people face while using the entry system
alongside the AYE, mainly the bottlenecking of human traffic during peak hours
and the wheelchair unfriendly single turnstile. The scope includes the
advantages and countermeasures towards the potential drawbacks of a dual
turnstile system and side gate as our solution and why it should be
implemented.
We
appreciate you for taking time out of your busy schedule to review this
technical report.
Sincerely,
CRAZ
Proposal for a Sustainable Entry System
November 10th, 2017
Prepared by:
CRAZ
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane, Ong Zi Rui, Tan Chun Heng
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane, Ong Zi Rui, Tan Chun Heng
Personal
Statement
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Tan
Chun Heng is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure (Land),
Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Chun Heng graduated from Nanyang
Polytechnic with a diploma in Electronic, Computer and Communication
Engineering. He interned at STELOP company and dealt with thermal imaging
products such as surveillance for defence purposes.
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|
Ong
Zi Rui is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure (Building
Services), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Zi Rui graduated from
Temasek Polytechnic with a diploma in Integrated Facilities Management. He
interned at Singapore Changi Airport doing ground related work and believes
that efficiency is of utmost importance in any work space environment.
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Reginald
Goh Hsiao Shane is an undergraduate from Sustainable Infrastructure
(Building Services), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT). Reginald
graduated from Ngee Ann Polytechnic with a diploma in Electrical
Engineering (Solar specialization). He interned at Singapore Technology
Engineering (STE) and maintained and serviced the security features which includes
security cameras, Electromagnetic door locks, card readers and the server
room.
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Table of Contents
Page#
Executive
summary………………………………………………………………………………………. i
_______
1.0 Background……………………………………………………………………………………………...……1
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.0 Problem Statement………………………………………………………………………………………...8
______________________________________________________________________________________
3.0 Purpose
Statement…………………………………………………………………………………………8
______________________________________________________________________________________
4.0 Proposed
Statement……………………………………………………………………………………….9
4.1
Ease traffic congestion and improve efficiency…………………………………......
4.2
Sustainable Sources…………………………………………………………………………….
4.3
Card reader access for side gate…………………………………………………………..
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5.0
Benefits……………………………………………………………………………………………………….10
5.1
Eases traffic congestions and improves efficiency……………………………….
5.2
Sustainability…………………………………………………………………………………….
5.3
Students with bulky items and wheelchair users…………………………………
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6.0 Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
6.1
Student/Staff misusing the side gate…………………………………………………...
6.2
Students unable to exit after operating hours……………………………………...
6.3
Power Outage………………………………………………………………………………….…
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Methods/Procedure………………………………………………………………………………………12
7.1
Survey……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7.2
Email…………………………………………………..…………………………………………….
7.3
Online Research…………………………………………………………………………………
7.4
Designs on proposed solutions…………………………………………………………...
______________________________________________________________________________________
8.Concluding Statement…….………………………………………………………………………………13
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. References………….………………………………………………………………………………………….14
Appendices:
Appendix
A
Appendix
B
Appendix
C
Appendix
D
Appendix
E
Appendix
F
Appendix
G
1.
Executive summary
The
problem of the entry system alongside AYE, at the back entrance of SIT@ Dover
bottlenecks human traffic during peak hours. The majority of people entering
and exiting the campus have priority over the minority, which causes the
minority to awkwardly wait for the majority to pass which wastes time. Furthermore,
the turnstile is not wheelchair friendly, and people carrying bulky items are
unable to access the single turnstile. Additionally, after 11pm the turnstile
locks automatically, which inconveniences students and teachers. The entry
system is inefficient and causes frustration on a daily basis.
Based
on a simple survey assessing the level of frustration students feel, about 78%
of people feel frustrated over the inefficiency of the single turnstile and a
substantial 90% of people would like a change in the single turnstile.
The
solution is a dual turning turnstile with an exit button in the campus beside
the turnstile. Additionally, a side gate
with a card reader will be installed - dedicated toward wheelchair users and
for people who are carrying bulky objects.
2. Background
Currently
in SIT@ Dover, the entry system alongside AYE periodically holds up human
traffic which frustrates students and staff alike who are waiting for their
turn to enter the compound. While entering the school during peak hours, people
at the other side of the turnstile wait awkwardly for their turn to get in or
out of the school compound.
The
entrance system is also not wheelchair friendly, and carrying bulky objects
into the school compound through the single turnstile proves to be a real
hassle.
Locking
the turnstile utilizes very little electricity and tapping into the main power
grid is unnecessary unless a mechanism malfunction happens.
It
is also common for students and staff to stay in school till late at night, during
exam and non-exam periods alike. During non-exam periods, the turnstile locks
after 11pm, which inconveniences students and staff that take buses alongside
AYE.
Based
on a simple survey of 59 students at SIT (Appendix C), a majority of students
feel frustrated while using the single turnstile, and if given the option would
like a change in the entry system.
While
this might be a relatively petty problem at first glance, improving the entry system
will have a positive impact towards the overall mood and psychology of the
person using the turnstile. This leaves a good impression of the school,
allowing the user to start and end his/ her day on a more positive note. Students
and staff should be able to enter and exit SIT@ Dover instantaneously.
3. Problem
statement
The
single-revolving turnstile at the entrance alongside AYE to SIT @Dover should
be convenient to users and allow them to enter the campus without queueing up. In
addition, people carrying bulky objects and wheelchair users are unable to
enter the single turnstile. This creates inconvenience and limits human traffic
flow to a one-way bottleneck
Implementing
the appropriate facilities and a new turnstile design will improve user
accessibility and alleviate the unnecessary waiting time.
4. Purpose statement
This
proposal’s objective is to propose to the Estates Division of SIT @Dover to
upgrade the entry system alongside AYE. The improved entry system will ease
human traffic flow during peak hours, be self-sustainable and wheelchair user
friendly.
5. Proposed solution for a
“Sustainable Entry System”
The proposed solution consists of
a self-sustaining dual-turnstile and a side gate. This will ease traffic flow
and improve accessibility for wheelchair users and people carrying bulky
objects.
5.1 Ease
traffic congestion and improve efficiency
A
dual-turnstile system is recommended. This eases the traffic congestion which
allows students and staff to exit and enter the school compound simultaneously,
improving efficiency and reliability. This also minimizes manpower while providing
security and reduce the overall frustration. An exit button will be implemented
at the side of the turnstile for students and staff who wish to leave the
school compound after 11pm.
The use
of alternative energy will lessen energy consumption. As a person
turns the turnstile, the gears will trigger the shaft rotation. Mechanical
energy will then be converted into electrical energy by the generator and then
stored into a supercapacitor which maintains security during power
outages.
5.3 Card reader access for side
gate
The side
gate is designed primarily for wheelchair users and for those with bulky items
(e.g. Personal Motorised Device (PMD), bicycles, school projects etc.) A card
reader is installed beside the side gate, allowing entry for students and
staff. A signage indicating the purpose of the side gate prompts students and
staff from misusing it. Additionally, a closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera
serves as a deterrence towards students misusing the side gate.
6.
Alternative Solution for “Sustainable Entry System”
An
alternative solution will be hiring security guard to safeguard the school
compound along AYE@SIT Dover. It will be much safer and secure as there will be
someone to keep a lookout instead of depending on technology devices as it
might just breakdown anytime and not reliable. Although there is disadvantage
of using turnstile for entry system, it is still the best consideration due to
it advance technology nowadays. There will be lots of ways to counters it and
we can use the manpower for others usage.
7.
Benefits of a “Sustainable Entry
System”
The
improved entry system will save security manpower, be independent from the
power grid and be wheelchair friendly.
7.1 Eases
traffic congestions and improves efficiency
The
improved full height dual turnstile will ease traffic congestion and improve
the efficiency and reliability of the entry/ exit system. The proposed full
height dual turnstile not only provide a high level of security, it minimizes
the need for patrol along the campus. The improved turnstile will help reduce student’s and staff’s frustration towards the current single
turnstile, which is a one-way entry or exit system. This will also speed up the
process which improves the mood of the users.[oz1]
7.2
Sustainability
Aside
from improving convenience, the improved turnstile will also decrease energy
consumption through the implementation of a kinetic powered generator installed
in the turnstile which generates electricity when the turnstile is turned. The
generated power will be stored in a capacitor which eliminates the tapping of
electricity from the power grid to lock the turnstile after operating hours,
which makes it almost entirely independent from the power grid. The turnstile
will only tap into the power grid if the generator is faulty.
7.3
Students with bulky items and wheelchair users
The side
gate is designed for people with bulky items and wheelchair users. Card readers
are installed outside the gate, only allowing access for staff and students
without the need to call for assistance. This implementation eases the
inefficiency and complexity of the situation. Most importantly, this eliminates
waiting time and improves convenience.
Ultimately,
the side gate provides a positive image for the campus as this shows that the SIT
committee cares and shows commitment to keep the campus safe while ensuring
welfare towards students and staffs.
8. Evaluation [oz2]
Evaluation
was done to ensure that the respondents’ and stakeholders concerns were
identified to provide viable solutions to minimize the challenges through a
simple survey (Appendix C). It is essential to design an effective system based
on the response of the survey.
8.1 Student/Staff misusing the side gate
8.1 Student/Staff misusing the side gate
To
counter such a challenge, signages will be displayed to deter users from
intentionally using it without a legitimate reason. (Tan, 2016) stated that
putting up signages is effective in deterrence. This method will effectively
reduce such an encounter. Since a Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) camera is
already installed, it can be used as a deterrence to prevent users from doing
so.
8.2 Exiting
after turnstile’s operating hours
Students
in SIT often stay in school after 11pm. Students can only exit through the main
gate after the turnstile’s operating hours which inconveniences those who wants
to exit through the back gate. According to the survey (Refer to Appendix C),
90% of the respondents would like to be able to exit alongside AYE after campus
operating hours. To address this concern, an exit button will be installed
allowing students to unlock the door and exit. The turnstile will then be
unlocked for a limited time, allowing one-way exit only. The placement of the button
is placed inside the campus, far away from the reach of outsiders to prevent
entry.
8.3 Power
Outage
The stored
power in the capacitor will provide power to lock the turnstile in case of a
power outage. This “Fail-Safe” mode allow users to exit from the turnstile in a
power outage scenario.
9.
Methods/Procedure
Research
was carried out through a survey and findings of online news articles to
support the improved turnstile. Our research focuses on the simultaneous accessibility
of human traffic and a self-sustaining locking system. The main component of
the research is through data collection, data analysis and the research of the
turnstile’s mechanism.
9.1 Survey
9.1 Survey
Surveys
questions are focused towards the response of students on the efficiency of the
turnstile. According to the data, (Refer to Appendix C) 80% of respondents felt
frustrated while waiting. 80% of respondents felt that the system was
inefficient. 93% of the respondents would like a change in the current entry/
exit system.
9.2 Email
9.2 Email
Next,
Emails were sent to enquire on the operating hours. (Refer to Appendix F). The
operating hours is used to determine the locking hours of the turnstile.
9.3
Online Research
Research
was done via online on the various types of turnstile available in the market.
Methods to harvest energy through kinetic energy and gear designs for maximum
output was also considered. (Refer to Appendix D). In the article, ‘World First
Energy-Generated Revolving Door,’’ (Chapa,2008) reported that the first energy
generated turnstile was implemented in Netherland and it generates around
4,600kwh of energy per year, which shows that a self-sustainable turnstile is
feasible.
9.4
Designs on proposed solutions
To
provide a clear explanation of our proposed solutions. Design ideas were
discussed and drawn. (Refer to Appendix E)
10. Concluding statement
CRAZ
strongly believes that the full height dual turnstile will effectively ease
student’s and staff’s frustration towards the current turnstile alongside AYE
at SIT@ Dover. The first step in starting the day right is your first step into
the campus. By improving the efficiency and reliability of the entry/ exit
system, it improves the student’s and staff’s mood. Students and Staff alike
that work/ study till late at night will be able to do it peacefully without
the burdensome thought of detouring. As undergraduates of Sustainable
Infrastructure, it is only natural for us to take sustainability into account
and design it to be self-sustainable.
The
survey response expresses a consensus toward a change in the current the single-turnstile
system (Appendix C). Finally, the full height dual turnstile system will
benefit everyone inside and outside the campus. Staff, students and public
alike.
11. References
ALVARADO. (n. d.) Securing Entry with Turnstiles. Retrieved
from Alvarado: http://www.alvaradomfg.com/articles/benefits-of-turnstile-secured-entry-points/
Anthony. S (2013, July 11) Kinetic
energy harvesting: Everyday human activity could power the internet of things.
Retrieved from Extreme Tech: https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/161079-kinetic-energy-harvesting-everyday-human-activity-could-power-the-internet-of-things
Chapa. J (2008, October 12). The World’s First Energy-Generating Revolving Door. Retrieved from
inhabitat: https://inhabitat.com/energy-generating-revolving-door-by-boon-edam/
Guerra. (2016, August 16). Can
Supercapacitors Surpass Batteries for Energy Storage? Retrieved from
Electronic Design: http://www.electronicdesign.com/power/can-supercapacitors-surpass-batteries-energy-storage
Harbourne (2017, March 07). 6 Main Benefits of Turnstiles at the Entrance. Retrieved from Campus
Rec: http://campusrecmag.com/6-main-benefits-of-turnstiles-at-the-entrance/
Silva Consultants (n. d.)
Problems of Tailgating. Retrieved from Silva Consultants: http://www.silvaconsultants.com/the-problem-of-tailgating.html
Yeo (2016, December 10) Police
launch electronic alert signs to deter crime. Retrieved from The Straits
Times: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/police-launch-electronic-alert-signs-to-deter-crime’
12.1 Appendix A
Personnel, Agencies or
Organizations involved
·
SIT building management
department
·
SIT Finance department
Shortlisted Supplier
·
Frontier Security Pte Ltd
(Supplier)
Website: https://www.frontiersecurity.com.sg/
Frontier Security Pte Ltd has
worked on countless projects and their staff has more than five years of
experience within the field of work. Collaborated with big companies such as
Public Utilities Board (PUB) and SAFRA.
·
APM GLOBAL (Supplier)
Website: http://www.apmglobal.com.sg/
APM Global is a local
manufacturer established since 2013. With constant investment in research and
development, the company strive to achieve reliable and high-quality product.
·
Huntaway Security (Supplier)
Website: http://www.huntaway.com.sg/
Huntaway Security provides wide
range of products and maintenance contract solutions. They also provide a
two-year on-site warranty for most of their services. Huntaway Security have
collaborated with big companies like AIA, SAFRA, NTU and Certis Cicso.
12.2 Appendix
B
Survey Questionnaire
1.
During peak hours, when a crowd
is accessing the turnstile from one side while you are at the other side
waiting, do you feel frustrated?
o Very
frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly
frustrated
o Neutral
2.
During peak hours, is waiting for
your turn to pass through the turnstile frustrating?
o Very
frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly
frustrated
o Neutral
3.
How would you rate the efficiency
of the turnstile?
o Very
frustrated
o Frustrated
o Slightly
frustrated
o Neutral
4.
Given the option, would you like
a change in the back-entrance system alongside AYE at SIT@Dover?
o Yes
o
No
5.
Given the option, would you like
to have exit only option alongside AYE at SIT@Dover after school operating
hours?
o Yes
o No
12.3 Appendix
C
Below are the results of the
survey questionnaire.
12.4 Appendix
D
Below consist of relevant
information regarding the methods to harvest kinetic energy.
Methods to harvest kinetic energy
In the article “Kinetic energy
harvesting: Everyday human activity could power the internet if thing,”
(Anthony,2013) stated that human actions generate a small volume of kinetic
energy within a span from 1 microwatt to 3,000 microwatts. From the article, we
can conclude that energy can be harvested through repetitive motions. (Chapa, 2008)
reported that the world’s first renewable energy revolving door can generate
4,600kwh of energy per year.
From our research, a supercapacitor
is required to store energy.
Advantages:
·
Life span of 10-20 years
·
Delivers high currents and
density
Disadvantages:
·
Unable to provide current to
product with voltage higher than 2.7V
To harvest more energy, we
implemented the rotation of gear to maximise the output. Gear ratio affects the
output based on the input. The number of teeth and diameter of gears affects
the rotation. To increase the output, we
increase the size of the driver gear and decrease the driven gear. Since the
turnstile is bi-direction, we can include an idler gear in the middle. (See
Figure 1)
Figure 1
The supercapacitor will be
installed on the idler gear, generating electricity when the gear starts to
turn. Together with the main source, the supercapacitor will also be connected
to the lock.
12.5 Appendix E
12.6 Appendix
F
12.7 Appendix G
Gantt
chart and task allocation
|
Name
|
Admin Number
|
Roles
|
|
Reginald Goh Hsiao Shane
|
1700168
|
Email co-ordinator, Compiler, Letter of transmittal to
Purpose statement
|
|
Ong Zi Rui
|
1700110
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Research, formatting, Benefits to
Appendix
|
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Tan Chun Heng
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1700207
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Design of sustainable entry system, time keeper. Proposed
solution
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